HAMTAEHYEON

The residential high-rise tower by Francine Houben is the counterpart for the free-standing office building, Foster's World Port Center. For Mecanoo it was important the contrast between the north and south sides should not be expressed in the way the buildings looked, and did not want to create a ‘housing project’ image. It consists of a composition of intersecting volumes, part of which is suspended above the quay. The construction contributes to the Holland-Amerika feeling: a system that alternates steel (Amerika), concrete (Holland) and then steel again. The first two floors are built of steel and bear the 152 meters high tower and the Water Apartments jutting 16 metres out. The 27 floors above are executed with a concrete climbing form. From the 28th floor steel is used. Windows, balconies and loggias are distributed in a rhythmic composition: corner-spanning, storey-high, circular, staggered, opening on hinges and sliding open.

http://www.mimoa.eu/projects/Netherlands/Rotterdam/Monte%20Video

The school exists out of two parallel building volumes, connected through air-ways. The most important functions are grouped around the central atrium. The three lower storeys contain the public functions, like small companies, restaurant, reading room. The upper 5 storeys are reserved for offices, computer and study-spaces. Predominantly used materials are cobalt blue screen processed glass and clear glass – an expression of the open character, the maximal flexibility and the remarkable views. The school expanded too quickly for the building (completed in 2000), so a temporary expansion is made in the stacked port cabins, opposite of the street. The much awaited permanent expansion is built behind the main building, expected to be finished in 2008, also designed by Erick van Egeraat.

http://www.mimoa.eu/projects/Netherlands/Rotterdam/Inholland

Built by the international known Australian architect Peter Wilson, the theatre is situated along the waterfront, between river and city. It faces both the Maas River and Rijn Harbour – a multiple orientation, a single wrapping facade, a 360 degree building. Visitors have an excellent view of the harbour and the magnificent skyline of Rotterdam. An internalized ramp allows three 18m long trucks to park directly besides the first floor stage. The ramp roof provides an architectural promenade in the foyer. The Luxor auditorium seats 1500 people.

http://www.mimoa.eu/projects/Netherlands/Rotterdam/New%20Luxor

Located at the southern end of the Erasmus Bridge, this – for the Netherlands - relatively tall tower (98 meters, 23 storeys) provides office space for the KPN Telecom company. The façade that is facing the city and the bridge is clad with green lights, distributed over the glass. They work as a giant billboard and change every day, with the season, activities, festivals or just show KNP-logos. The 37 x 72 meter / 2922 m2 monochrome screen turns into a place to a giant public display for animations and graphics. It consists of 896 square Osram lamps in a 22*41 grid.

http://www.mimoa.eu/projects/Netherlands/Rotterdam/KPN%20Office

The completely refurbished Las Palmas building on the Wilhelmina Pier in Rotterdam now houses several cultural institutions and companies that operate in the creative sector. One of them is the Netherlands Photo museum with large exposition space, a library and storage space for archiving and preserving photographic material. On the rooftop a whole new structure houses the office of OVG Projectontwikkeling, as real estate developer also involved in this project. Its location occupies an important place in Rotterdam’s history. Hundreds of thousands of emigrants set sail for the USA and Canada from the Wilhelmina Pier, which served as the headquarters of the Holland-America Line from 1901. Las Palmas was completed in 1953 to accommodate workshops and warehousing for the Holland-America Line. Before the renovation it was used as a club venue. The building’s spaciousness, robust concrete structure and striking interior make it eminently suitable for this new cultural function.

로테르담의 가장 유명한 전경 또는 다리..

Paris has the Eiffel Tower; New York has the Empire State Building; in Rotterdam it's the Erasmus bridge. Its structural scale and design articulation has become a distinctive landmark within the surrounding skyline. This cable-stay bridge links the northern and southern parts of the city with a 802 m span in spectacular style. The bridge deck is supported by steel cables slung over a single pylon that is bent to counter the forces of tension. Traffic passes underneath the 139 m pylon as it straddles the roadway. The structure is called "the Swan" by locals because of its graceful posture over the water. The Erasmus Bridge is such a dramatic departure in bridge building that it has even become part of the city's official logo. The top part of pylon of the bridge is reachable through an internal staircase.

http://www.mimoa.eu/projects/Netherlands/Rotterdam/Erasmus%20Bridge

Erasmus Bridge landings
Rising to a height of 139 m and spanning a width of 802 m, the bridge over the River Maas is a landmark for Rotterdam. The eye-catching steel asymmetric pylon is not the only interesting thing on this bridge: its concrete, slowly rising unusual formed landings are quite as impressive. Solidly anchored to the north shore the road to Erasmus Bridge is not only quite narrow, but built on a slight incline, reducing the structure's apparent heaviness and giving it a slender, light appearance. On top are two sidewalks, two cycle tracks, tram rails and two vehicle carriageways. Constructed to facilitate the orchestration of traffic flows, the sweeping concrete staircases of the bridge lead up from the parking garage on the north side, extending the curve of the main ramp to pedestrian level and turning the bridge into something of a public space in the sky. Underneath the traffic deck, there?s a shop, restaurant, bar and underground parking, all part of the same construction.

http://www.mimoa.eu/projects/Netherlands/Rotterdam/Erasmus%20Bridge%20landings

교량 이름의 에라스무스(Desiderius Erasmus / 1466.10.27~1536.7.12)는 로테르담(Rotterdam) 출신의 르네상스 시대의 네덜란드 인문주의자이며, 에라스무스-橋 부근에는 에라스무스 대학이 자리잡고 있다. 다리는 로테르담-市 뉴마스-江의 남단과 북단을 연결하고 있으며, 지리적, 상업적으로 매우 중요한 곳으로 꾸준히 도시계획개발이 이루어지고 있는 상황이다.

Delftse Poort Offices - Bonnema Architecten
The insurance company Nationale Nederlanden invited 5 Dutch architects to compete and design a preliminary plan: Quist, Kraaijvanger Urbis, Van Mourik and Coenen. Bonnema was chosen unanimous not only because of its efficiency but largely because of its image: strong but slender. Bonnema convinced the board to make an even higher building they first intended to, with more floor area, to enhance the proportions and the architectural impact. It was immediately the largest building in the Netherlands, with 151,35 m. It is used by insurance companies Nationale Nederlanden and RVS Verzekeringen, and the ING Bank. Building this new headquarters high-rise office building was one step further in a long lasting development plan for this area. Enclosed between the railway tracks, station-square and the large Weena street, this spot was studied by many architects and urban designers before Bonnema started.

http://www.mimoa.eu/projects/Netherlands/Rotterdam/Delftse%20Poort%20Offices

로테르담 역근처에 있는 건물인데 강남역에 있는 삼성건물이 연상된다

Millennium Tower - WZMH Architects
The Millenniumtoren is a 131 meter (including the antenna 149 meter) high building at the Weena, opposite of the Delftse Poort. It has 34 floors, and 5 elevators. Parts is being used as office space, with tenants Loyens Loeff, Arcadium Bastion and HAL investments. The five star hotel Westin also occupies part of the building. On the first floor the tower has a connection to the next-door congress and concert center De Doelen.

http://www.mimoa.eu/projects/Netherlands/Rotterdam/Millenium%20Tower

Westzeedijk, Rotterdam,  The Netherlands, 1992
대지는 이중적인 조건(a dual condition)을 나타내고 있다. 대지의 남단은 제방(dike) 위에 위치한 고속도로(highway) 마아스바울레바르트(Maasboulevard) -街에 의해 경계가 이뤄져 있고, 상대적으로 낮은 높이의 북단은 일상적인 명상(conventional contemplation)을 위한 박물관 공원(the Museum Park)과 마주보고 있다. 프로젝트 계획서(program)에는 통합되거나 분리되어 사용될 수 있는 세 개의 主전시공간(major exhibition space)과 강연장(auditorium) 그리고 독립적으로 접근(운영)이 가능한 식당(restaurant)이 요구되었다.
쿤스탈 미술관은 두 개의 통로가 교차된 사각형 상자처럼 보인다. 그 중 하나는 마아스바울레바르트-街와 평행하게 동서를 연결하는 도로이고, 다른 하나는 공원으로 향해 관통하여 있는 공용(옥외) 경사로에 의한 남북 축이다. 프로그램, 대지 조건과 사각형 건물을 4개로 나누고 있는 십자형 통로가 이 프로젝트에 대한 도전의 출발점이 되었다. 하나의 미술관을 4개의 독립된 프로젝트(four autonomous projects)로 계획하면서, 이로 인해 상대적으로 차이가 큰(contradictory) 공간 경험의 시간과정(sequence)을 극복하고 연속적인 나선구조(a spiral)를 형성할 수 있는 방안을 마련하여야 했다. 다시 말해서, 4개의 분리된 사각형의 공간 속에 나선형 연결 구조를 함께 상상하여야 했다. 이 결과 건물의 개념(concept)은 연속적인 순환과정(continuous circuit)으로 결정되었다.
첫 번째 보행용 경사로(the pedestrian ramp)는 유리 벽면에 의해 공용 공간으로 개방된 외부와 순환통로(circuit)의 일부인 내부, 둘로 나누어지고 있다. 첫 번째와 평행하지만 반대 방향으로 연결된 두 번째 경사로는 강연장과 그 하부의 식당 부분을 위하여 테라스처럼 구성되어 있다. 그리고 두개의 경사로가 교차하는 부분에서는 주출입구(the main entrance)가 위치하고 있다. 그 곳에서 방문객들은 공원으로 내려가거나 제방쪽으로 올라가는 첫 번째 경사로와 만날 수 있다. 첫 번째 홀(hall 1)로 진입 공간에서 사람들은 계단으로 전면이 막힌 곳에 이르게 되는데, 이 곳을 지나면 푸른 잎을 배경(backdrop)으로 나무 기둥들의 조경 경관과 때때로 공원측 정면에 있는 다양한 종류의 유리면에 의해 형태가 굴절된(distorted) 모습을 점차 볼 수 있게 된다. 그 곳에서 사람들은 내부 경사로(the inner ramp)를 따라 넓게 천창이 개방되고 가로(the boulevard)에 면한 홀 2(hall 2)로 이동할 수 있다.
옥상정원(roof garden)을 따라 만들어진 세 번째 경사로는 더욱 친근감 있는 단층(single-height) 높이의 홀(hall)과 더욱이 지붕 테라스(the roof terrace)로 연결되어 있다. 대지는 고속도로와 박물관 공원(Museum Park) 사이에 놓인 60 * 60㎡ 규모로, 인접하여 자연사 박물관(Nature Museum)이 있다. 이 공원의 마스터 플랜(master plan)은 OMA의 디자인이며, 공원 내에는 보에이만스 판 뵈닝헌 미술관(Boijmans van Beuningen Museum)과 네덜란드 건축 협회(Netherlands Architecture Institute)가 위치하고 있다.
쿤스탈 미술관은 연면적 7,000㎡의 철골철근 콘크리트 구조의 건축물이며, 순회 전시회(travelling exhibitions)를 위한 전람 홀(Expo hall)을 주공간으로 한다. 공사 예산은 1,500만 유로로 1992년에 완공된 로테르담-市 소유의 미술관이다.
- 건축설계정보 참조 -

세계 최초로 조성된 걷고 싶은 거리로서 관광객이 끊이질 않는다고 한다. 가로변에 건립된 2층 건축물군은 시야를 탁 트이고 하고 일광욕을 즐기는 유럽인들에게 태양빛을 쪼이기에 안성맞춤이다. 쇼핑을 할 마음이 생기지 않을 수 없다. 연장 800m에 20m 너비, 중앙 보행공간엔 보기 좋은 가로수 아래의 노천카페는 관광객의 휴식처로 제공되고 있다. 점포 입구엔 가로를 따라 차양이 설치되어 더위를 피하며 쇼핑을 즐기도록 되어 있다. 의류, 신발, 귀금속류가 대부분이었고, 쌍둥이 칼로 유명한 주방기구도 구경할 수 있다.

In the 1980’s this area was once viewed as a problem area – a large empty place without character. The new square now is an urban stage, interactive and changing, with the skyline as its décor. The Schouwburgplein is situated in the heart of the city and is surrounded by shops and flanked by the City Theatre and the City Concert Hall. The space is furnitured with 15 meter high ventilation towers from the underground parking and four hydraulic lighting elements. Their configuration can be interactively altered by the inhabitants of the city. The layout of the square is based on the expected use at different times of the day and its relationship to the sun. These sunlight-zones are reflected in the mosaic of the different materials used on the floor.The whole square is lifted 35 cm from ground level to enhance the stage-effect.

http://www.mimoa.eu/projects/Netherlands/Rotterdam/Schouwburgplein

The cinema is located on top of an underground parking. That is why the construction is made with a relatively light steel frame, and the façade is clad with plastic. These light transmitting panels give the building a very urban and futuristic look at night. The interior hall on the first floor is an amazing public space.

http://www.mimoa.eu/projects/Netherlands/Rotterdam/Cinema%20Schouwburgplein

신축 플레데뤼스 (R. H. Fledderus) + 크라이반거 형제 (E.H.A. & H.M. Kraayvanger)
증축 엑토르 오흐스타트 건축사무소(Ector Hoogstad Architecten)
Kruisstraat 2, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 신축 1955~1966 / 증축 1993~2000

데 둘런은 로테르담-市 중앙역에서 도보로 2분 정도 거리에 도시 중앙에 위치하고 있다. 1955년부터 1966년에 기존 공연/회의시설이 개발되었고, 2000년에 데 둘런 공연/회의 센터(De Doelen concert and congress center)는 기존 지붕층과 상부에 8,000㎡ 규모의 회의/전시공간(conference and exhibition space)을, 그리고 기존 건물 상부와 측면을 따라 다양한 규모의 강연장(various auditorium spaces)을 증축했고, 도로 레벨(street level)에는 1,000㎡ 규모의 소매점(retail outlets)을 새로 건축했다. 로테르담-市는 세계 2차 대전 初인 1940년 5월 15일, 독일 공군의 폭격으로 도심이 완전히 파괴되었고, 전후 로테르담-市의 재건(the reconstruction of Rotterdam)을 상징하는 일명 신축 기념물들(young monuments)이 세워졌는데 그 중 하나가 바로 데 둘런(De Doelen)이다. 이런 이유로 이 건물을 위한 증축은 많은 면에서 민감한 사건(a delicate task)이었고, 증축 디자인 과정 중 기존 건물의 디자이너이며 동료 건축가인 플레데뤼스(R. H. Fledderus)와 크라이반거 형제(E.H.A. & H.M. Kraayvanger)의 간섭을 받기도 했다. 더욱이 로테르담 시민(the people of Rotterdam)에게는 기존 건축물은 매우 강한 심리적 중요성(emotional significance)을 가지고 있었기 때문에 진행과정 상 주의(caution)와 존중(respect)이 항상 요구되었다. 결국 기존 건축물은 그대로 보존(intact)하고 그 중요성을 인정하는 측면에서 증축 요소를 선택하여야만 한다는 디자인 원칙(design principle)이 결정되었다. 로테르담-市 중앙 철도역과 직접 연결되면서 도시 심장부에 위치한 데 둘런 공연/회의 센터(De Doelen concert and congress center)는 문화, 교육 그리고 전문직관련 등 광범위한 이벤트를 소화할 수 있는 최적의 장소이다. 콘서트 홀(a concert hall)과 회의 센터(a congress centre)가 함께 자리하고 있고, 1960년대의 보편적인 양식(a typical 1960s style)과 현대의 회의 복합시설(a modern congress complex)이 함께 묶여있는 독특한 매력이 있다.
3,000 명 규모의 참가자를 소화할 수 있는 데 둘런의 시설 내부에는 빌럼 뷔르거 홀(the Willem Burger Zaal) 영역, 흐로테 홀(the Grote Zaal) 영역 그리고 위리안세 홀(the Jurriaanse Zaal) 영역의 세 가지 주요 시설이 있고, 이 시설은 각각 분리되어 이용이 가능하다. 세 공간에는 각각의 출입구(entrance)가 별도로 설치되어 있으며, 주출입 로비(a main lobby), 넓은 휴게홀(roomy foyers) 그리고 보조공간(auxiliary area) 등도 시설별로 운영되고 있다.
- 건축설계정보 참조 -

During the bombing of the city centre of Rotterdam on the 14th of May 1940 in World War II, the original building by J.J.P. Oud was destroyed. It stood at the Coolsingel. In 1986 the façade was reproduced by architect Carel Weeber at the Mauritsweg, in a part of Rotterdam that was spared from the bombs. The design is a perfect example of the Dutch artistic moment De Stijl with its use of primary colours and simple abstract composition of vertical and horizontal directions. Next to the Rietveld-Schröderhuis in Utrecht it is a very clear cut completion of the ideals of the movement. The ground floor houses a bar and restaurant. In the back is a small theatre.

http://www.mimoa.eu/projects/Netherlands/Rotterdam/Cafe%20De%20Unie

이 카페 겸 레스토랑 건물은 근대주의 건축가 야코뷔스 요하네스 피터르 아우트(Jacobus Johannes Pieter Oud / 네덜란드 건축가 / 1890~1963)에 의해 디자인되어 1925년 지어진 건축물이다. 강력하고 역사적인 두 건축물 사이에 끼여있는 카페 데 위니의 정면은 단지 ‘아우트’다운 것들을 배열하였을 뿐인데(only she arranged Oud), 매우 도발적인 모습(provocation)을 나타내고 있다. 아마도 그것은 당연한 결과였을지 모른다. 설계 당시 그에게 인접한 건물들에 순응한다(adjustment)는 계획은 전혀 없었다고 한다.

그 자신은 이 작품에 대해 다음과 같이 설명하고 있다.
“ 내 생각에는 ‘카페’ 스스로가 식당과 주변환경 모두에 잘 적응하도록 도와줄 수 있는 논리적인 대조를 심도 있게 연구하여 시도하는 것이 최선의 방책 같았다. 발전하는 한 시대의 본질로부터 유기적으로 만들어진 것은 지극히 초현대적이지만 않다면, 다른 시대의 본질에서 만들어졌던 것과 잘 어우러져 지낼 수 있다는 사실을 우리에게 알려주고 있지 않은가.”
“The best seemed it to regard and try over logical contrasts the Café for itself to let both the restaurant and its environment apply. One taught us - and that were not the ultramodern ones - that only, which is organically from the nature of the epoch developed with gets along, what from the nature of another time came out.”(J. J. P Oud)
- 건축설계정보 참조 -

The white villa that houses the Chabot Museum was designed in 1938 by architect G.W. Baas. Baas had worked for many years at the Rotterdam firm of Brinkman & Van der Vlugt that was responsible for buildings such as the Van Nelle factory, the Feijenoord football stadium and the neighbouring Sonneveld and Bouve villas in the Museumpark. L. Stokla took over the construction when Baas was appointed coordinator of the building of the Kröller-Müller Museum in Otterlo. The villa was commissioned by the Kraaijeveld family as a private house. The roof in the original design consisted of a single, large roof garden. Molenaar & Van Winden was responsible for the renovation.

http://www.mimoa.eu/projects/Netherlands/Rotterdam/Chabot%20Museum

The Euromast was built on the occasion of the Floriade, an international exposition on horticulture. The tower is named Euromast. ‘Euro’ because Rotterdam is in the heart of the European market and ‘mast’ because not only Dutch know what the word means but also English, Germans, Swedes, Norwegians and Danes. They also use the word mast. At a height of 32 m Dutch architect Maaskant provided the tower with a replica of a ship’s bridge complete with navigation systems and a chart- room. In this room the public could experience what it means to navigate a sea-vessel. Made of reinforced concrete and 9 m in diameter (inside) it has walls that are 30 cm thick. The foundation consists of 131 concrete piles. On these piles rests a block of reinforced concrete weighing 1,900,000 kilograms and serving as a counterweight to the aboveground construction. The crow’s nest restaurant - weighing 240 tons - was ingeniously hoisted up in five days up to 100 m above ground.

http://www.mimoa.eu/projects/Netherlands/Rotterdam/Euromast

Part of the larger Schiecentrale Complex in the former harbour area Lloydkwartier, this new building will house the local TV broadcasting station, its studio’s and offices. The Schiecentrale used to be an electricity plant, now transformed into a creative melting-pot of 80 different film, audio-visual and Information and Communication Technology businesses. The complex consists of the 25Kv Building, the Trafohuis, Hotel Stroom, the canteen building, and more living and working space. The façade of this building, clad with cast-iron panels has a special pattern, designed by Studio Job. It refers to the former steel-industry of the harbour area, and was chosen for its ‘dirty’ look, and the resemblance to the cast-iron covers on street-holes. The plates, now orange, will soon rust more and change into dark brown, leaving rusty, red water, which will be disgorged. The choice for this material leaves visitors to think it is also one of the renovated and reused buildings.

This 65 metres high tower has a mixed program of educational spaces, offices and public functions. A route of escalators links the different departments from the lobby all the way to the top. The low-rise part of the building contains the special facilities like simulator rooms, restaurants, a media centre, a sports centre, and workshops. The cantilevered conference room overlooks the Port of Rotterdam, while the stepped student restaurant on the ground floor overlooks the Maas river. The meandering building volume forms a vertical icon for this international centre of maritime knowledge. Neutelings Riedijk also got the commission (through a European selection process, a tender) to design the interior of the building.

http://www.mimoa.eu/projects/Netherlands/Rotterdam/Scheepvaart%20en%20Transport%20College

The former warehouse and national monument Jobsveem, also known as St. Job, on the quay of the Lloyd Pier in Rotterdam, has been changed significantly. The design by Mei in collaboration with architect Wessel de Jonge breathes new life into the old warehouse. Since its completion in 1913, is was extremely introverted. This was done to protect the stored goods from too much daylight, rain and wind. The structure involved the use of construction methods that were very advanced for their time: long floors (130x25m) with cast-iron columns of different heights. Converting it to apartments and commercial spaces was an opportunity to bring daylight into the building with 3 glazed atria. The light courts of glass and steel emphasise the monumental components that have been carefully restored. They are lively, light spaces where residents can meet one another. In warm weather, and also in the event of calamities such as fire, the glazed roof opens and a light breeze blows through the atrium.

http://www.mimoa.eu/projects/Netherlands/Rotterdam/Jobsveem

The existing building of the Onafhankelijk Toneel (The Independent Theatre) was extended by adding a new free-seating theatre with 180 seats, an entrance foyer and amenities. The concept of a “building within a building” was used to provide space for the props, riggings and stagecraft all around, while keeping the interior of the theatre serenely empty. This has enhanced the versatility of the building, since the area around the theatre can be used both as backstage and a public area. The construction and technique of the actual “making” of the theatre has deliberately been made visible. Within the theatre, the physical presence of technology is kept to the absolute minimum, so as not to distract from the performance. (Franz Ziegler)

http://www.mimoa.eu/projects/Netherlands/Rotterdam/Opera%20O.T.